Significant human rights issues included credible reports of: unlawful or arbitrary killings, including extrajudicial killings enforced disappearances torture and other ill-treatment by the government and nonstate armed groups harsh and life-threatening prison conditions arbitrary arrests or detention political prisoners or detainees serious problems with the independence of the judiciary arbitrary or unlawful interference with privacy punishment of family members for offenses allegedly committed by an individual serious abuses in a conflict, including abductions and physical abuse, by nonstate armed groups serious restrictions on freedom of expression, including violence, threats of violence, or unjustified detentions of journalists and censorship substantial interference with the right of peaceful assembly and freedom of association serious restrictions on freedom of movement inability of citizens to change their government peacefully through free and fair elections serious and unreasonable restrictions on political participation serious government corruption lack of investigations and accountability for gender-based violence crimes involving violence or threats of violence targeting members of ethnic groups, including the Massaga and Oliti communities in the Southwest Region and herders and farmers in the Northwest Region trafficking in persons crimes involving violence or threats of violence targeting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or intersex persons and the existence or use of laws criminalizing same-sex sexual conduct between adults.Īlthough the government took steps to identify, investigate, prosecute, and punish officials who committed human rights abuses or corruption, it did not do so systematically and rarely made public the outcome of such procedures. There were credible reports that members of the security forces committed some abuses. Civilian and military authorities at times did not maintain effective control over the security forces. The Rapid Intervention Battalion reports directly to the president. The army shares some domestic security responsibilities it reports to the minister delegate at the presidency in charge of defense. The national police report to the General Delegation of National Security and the national gendarmerie reports to the Secretariat of State for Defense in charge of the Gendarmerie.
The national police and the national gendarmerie are responsible for internal security. He was last reelected in 2018 in an election observers described as marked by irregularities. Paul Biya has served as president since 1982. The ruling party won 152 of 180 National Assembly seats. The country held legislative elections in February 2020 that were marked by irregularities. The ruling political party, the Cameroon People’s Democratic Movement, has remained in power since its creation in 1985.
#ORIGAMI PUFFER FISH SERIES#
"If this doesn't get him noticed, nothing will," Attenborough said.Ī preview of the "Courtship" episode is available to view on the BBC Earth website, and the entire "Life Story" series can be streamed on Netflix.He legislative and judicial branches of government. Unlike males of other species that rely on their size, color or extravagant appendages to attract a female's attention, the male pufferfish has only one thing acting in his favor: the intricacy and impressiveness of the sand structure that he builds, Attenborough explained in the video. In fact, the male's construction technique sweeps fine sand grains into the heart of the design, while the valleys and ridges of the structure slow the flow of water toward the center by about 25 percent, protecting the eggs that rest there. In that study, scientists explained that female pufferfish use the intricate structure as a nest they lay their eggs in the center, where the finest grains of sand collected. Enigmatic artistĭivers first spotted examples of pufferfish sand art on the seafloor in waters near Japan in 1995, but more than a decade elapsed before anyone was able to identify the formations' enigmatic creators, researchers reported in 2013. Rather, the fish saves them as a finishing touch, placing them carefully atop the ridges in his masterpiece, which is nothing short of astounding in its symmetry and geometric perfection. In the video, as the "artist" comes across shells that interrupt his design, he lifts them out of the way with his mouth.
The interconnected paths ultimately come together as a circular design many times the size of the fish's body pufferfish measure about 5 inches (12 centimeters) long, and their sculptures can reach about 7 feet (2 meters) in diameter, Live Science previously reported. Dense sand clouds emerge as he works, but so does a complex pattern.
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